Talk Shows Essays (189 words) - Radio Formats, Misconduct

Talk Shows Talk shows affect society in a negative way by choosing dead end topics. Jerry Springer for example his producers pick topics such as I Cheated on You, those kind of topics allows the American public to think that cheating is okay. Broadcasting topics like cheating, which aren't positive create negative results. Alot of times people do what they see and television is the best place to see it. Another issue on talk shows is fighting. People get ideas in therehead that fighting is okay and a way to vent anger by again seeing and then doing it. Not only are these important issues, but many times talk shows tend to focus on women for example, Make Overs are directed mostly to women and that can make women feel self concious about themselves. If a topic is picked, it should be about both men and women. Many negative things have happened because T.V. allows the airing of these shows. If talk shows could pick out topics that can affect peoples lives in a positive way, then maybe people woul d't see the world as a bad place. Bibliography none Current Events

JFK Inaugural Address Essay Research Paper Example

JFK Inaugural Address Essay Research Paper Example JFK Inaugural Address Essay Paper JFK Inaugural Address Essay Paper John F. Kennedys in particular, was one of the most touching and inspiring inaugural addresses in our countrys history and it continues to be analyzed in classrooms, articles, and on television today. His words gained the peoples confidence that he had a positive future in store for America, and his moving statements kept the attention on him captivated. His uses of rhetorical strategies caused his arguments to be emphasized as well as considered, and he was able to say so such without boring those listening. He not only demonstrated the commitment that he was willing to make for the good of America, but he also encouraged citizens to join him in his effort. Regardless of the many methods Kennedy used to create his outstanding Address, the tone in which it was told is the most powerful one he used to win the crowd and earn their respect. His use of tone is effective in achieving his purpose- that those witnessing the speech desire to unite with Kennedy and overcome the common obstacles that faced their country together. Kennedy reached his audience on a personal level when he addressed myself as an equal to the people and stated We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, and oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty. As he said this, he related to the people by showing them that they were all suffering the same hardships, and his tone is made sincere, serious, and willing in that he will do what he must for his people. The use of parallelism through the statement Let both sides explore Let both sides seek And Let both sides unite Also emitted an inspiring feel that ensured the people that he was in the fight for improvement with them, and prepared to do what it took for a better tomorrow. As he did so, he was able to get his audience to favor his determination for change and to admire his positive attitude of what can be done to improve Americas problems. Through the statement ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country and ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man, Kennedys tone of words appeal to Americans emotions and bring upon importance to the act of doing things for the benefit of your country. These simple but significant statements emend citizens that instead of expecting so much from the government and taking up our complaints as well as desires for our country, that we take action and seek what it is that we can do for our country ourselves. Through these statements Kennedy is able to outshine others who had given an inaugural address in the past by not only proving his willingness to produce a change, but by also inspiring other Americans to do the same. There is also notable truth in these statements, because in reality the citizens hold more power to be the change they wish to see in the world than our president does alone. Kennedy also discusses the importance of unity, and does so with the use of inversion when he says United there is little we cannot do. Divided, there is little we can do-for we dare not to meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. His use of inversion creates emphasis on how we are powerful and capable of changing our country for the better, if we only do it together. His tone is encouraging and serves his purpose in causing those listening to acknowledge that united as a country we can clearly influence a much greater transformation than we can as a smaller crowd. Together we can prove our sire for change, because if we complain about what we dislike about our country yet do nothing, then we are proving that we do not care about its issues as much as we appear to. One of the most useful methods Kennedy uses to cause his argument to be truly contemplated Over is the use Of rhetorical questioning. Through his rhetorical questions citizens instantly reflect upon themselves and in a sense ask themselves What am I willing to do, or better yet- what have done for my country? The reflective tone of these thoughts is beneficial to Kennedys argument because it allows it to reach the hearts of millions and to be further Hough of. The rhetorical question Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join that historical effort? Produces an effect that not only causes citizens to consider whether they will be a part of what influences a better America, but it also convinces them that they have the perfect leader to help them achieve this promising future. The tone in which John Kennedy delivered his Inaugural address was serious, insightful, logical, and inspiring all at once. His arguments were clear ND of plans symbolizing an end as well as a beginning-signifying renewal as well as change. He captivated the attention of those listening to him through his excellent use of rhetorical strategies that emphasized his every point and greatly helped to strengthen his argument. Several of his statements held grand importance and were something that the audience could relate to. John F. Kennedys Inaugural Address was well spoken and thoughtful. It was effective in reaching the audience and relatable to what America needed in a leader during this time period of war and poverty.

Constitutional Convention and the Delegates Who Attended

Constitutional Convention and the Delegates Who Attended The Constitutional Convention was called in May of 1787 order to make revisions to the Articles of Confederation. George Washington was immediately named the Conventions president. This Articles had been shown since their adoption to be very weak. It was soon decided that instead of revising the articles, an entirely new government needed to be created for the United States. A proposal was adopted on May 30th that stated in part, ...that a national government ought to be established consisting of a supreme Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary. With this proposal, writing began on a new constitution. The meeting of the Constitutional Convention began on May 25, 1787. They met on 89 of the 116 days between May 25th and their final meeting on September 17, 1787. The meetings took place Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Twelve of the 13 original states participated by sending delegates to the Constitutional Convention. The only state that did not participate was Rhode Island. They were against the idea of a stronger federal government. Further, New Hampshire delegates did not reach Philadelphia and participate until July 1787. Key Delegates There were 55 delegates who attended the Convention. The most well-known attendees for each state were: Virginia - George Washington, James Madison, Edmund Randolph, George MasonPennsylvania - Benjamin Franklin, Gouverneur Morris, Robert Morris, James WilsonNew York - Alexander HamiltonNew Jersey - William PatersonMassachusetts - Elbridge Gerry, Rufus KingMaryland - Luther MartinConnecticut - Oliver Ellsworth, Roger ShermanDelaware - John DickinsonSouth Carolina - John Rutledge, Charles PinckneyGeorgia - Abraham Baldwin, William FewNew Hampshire - Nicholas Gilman, John LangdonNorth Carolina - William Blount A Bundle of Compromises The Constitution was created through many compromises. The Great Compromise solved how representation should be determined in Congress by combining the Virginia Plan which called for representation based on population and the New Jersey Plan that called for equal representation. The Three-Fifths Compromise worked out how slaves should be counted for representation counting every five slaves as three people in terms of representation. The Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise promised that Congress would not tax the export of goods from any state and would not interfere with the slave trade for at least 20 years. Writing the Constitution The Constitution itself was based on many great political writings including the Baron de Montesquieus The Spirit of the Law, Jean Jacques Rousseaus Social Contract, and John Lockes Two Treatises of Government. Much of the Constitution also came from what was originally written in the Articles of Confederation along with other state constitutions. After the delegates finished working out resolutions, a committee was named to revise and write the Constitution. Gouverneur Morris was named the head of the committee, but most of the writing fell to James Madison, who has been called the Father of the Constitution. Signing the Constitution The Committee worked on the Constitution until September 17th when the convention voted to approve the Constitution. 41 delegates were present. However, three refused to sign the proposed Constitution: Edmund Randolph (who later supported ratification), Elbridge Gerry, and George Mason. The document was sent to the Congress of the Confederation which then sent it to the states for ratification. Nine states needed to ratify it for it to become law. Delaware was the first to ratify. The ninth was New Hampshire on June 21, 1788. However, it wasnt until May 29, 1790, that the last state, Rhode Island, voted to ratify it.

How to prepare a survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How to prepare a survey - Essay Example ds to know, which demographic constitution of the population are being surveyed, is it the old, the youth, women, men, children, the schooling, the working population, among the rest of the population. Moreover, he should know their geographic distribution, and how they can be reached effectively and which survey method will give accurate results (Acebit, 2012). Furthermore, he should understand the time schedule for the target population, which will assist in setting up the period and budget for the survey. According to Acebit (2012) & Creative Research Systems (2012), the second step is defining the survey type and the method that will be applied in conducting the survey. Since most of the surveys are quantitative in nature and involves a lot of data collection and analysis, the crucial thing here is to pick methods that will give the most precise and accurate answers as possible. Depending on their target group, surveyors can pick from the following: they can choose interview methods, which can be person-to-person or via telephone conversation. Another method is a questionnaire, which can be sent via mail, email, or given to the population in person, then collected after a given time by the surveyor. The surveyor can also use observation, whereby he/she can interact with the target population, whether participatory or non-participatory to gather data. The choice of the method in the survey shall also determine the cost and outcome of the survey, depending on the demographic nature an d distribution of the population (Creative Research Systems, 2012). The third final step in conducting a survey is designing questions and means of analysis the results after the survey. The design of the questions whether in questionnaires or interviews needs to be pointed out clear, where all audiences can answer without strain. The questions should also be well structured and not ambiguous to enable the surveyor get the most accurate results. The questions are then pre-tested

Palagrism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Palagrism - Assignment Example Routmans assignment required her to watch a movie, and then provide an equivalent of the film to ship or port experiences. She did watch Europa Europa, and then referred to Wikipedia for proper historic wording. A day before the deadline of submitting the paper, the professor asked students who had plagiarised their work to give in. The Five of them who did were awarded zeros on their papers, but were not expelled (Laconte). Routman, however, never confessed her plagiarism since she thought she had done nothing wrong. The professor later on found out that she had borrowed several phrases Xerox to those on the online entry about the film. Routmans argument was that the words were historical features and not complete phrases as the professor claimed (Sampson). University officials disagreed with Routman, and so the case had to go through a panel. The panel found her guilty of plagiarism and expelled her from the school. She went ahead to file for an appeal, but even that, she was denied. Routman and a fellow student accused of the same were forced to disembark from the ship since they had been expelled from the university and so had no right to continue with the

Regulation of Genetic Engineering

Regulation of Genetic Engineering At 43 years old, Bruces life was almost completely destroyed by one disease that infected 1.7 million people and killed 594,690 thousand people in 2016 just in America according to the American Cancer Society. This disease is famously known as cancer. Bruce went to his doctor for a regular check-up and took a routine blood test. Bruce felt fine and felt no symptoms of any disease. The next day, Bruce got a call from his doctor. The doctor told him he had an elevated level of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme in his blood he never heard. The doctor explained to Bruce that there could be problems with his liver or bones and more tests were conducted. The tests returned and Bruce found out his liver was fine, so the doctor recommended a full-body bone scan. The doctor told Bruce, Dont worry, its not like you have cancer. The full-body bone scan took place and halfway through scan, the technicians began to speak in hushed tones. Did you injure your leg recently? they asked. I broke my leg when I was five, Bruce explained, hopeful that would help explain things. The technicians started chattering more intensely. More tests were ordered, an x-ray, then an MRI. Then one afternoon, Bruce got a call from his doctor. The tumor in your leg is not consistent with a benign tumor, the doctor said. It took a second for Bruce to convert that negative info into a much more horrifying affirmative: he realized he had cancer. Bruce sat and thought about how his life would change. He was not worried too much about himself, he was worried about his twin three-year-old daughters. Would they wonder who I was? Bruce thought. Would they yearn for my approval, my love, my voice? Bruce was facing the reality that he might never be able to walk again. Thankfully, Bruce found a doctor that was able to cure his cancer after 15 hours of surgery and chemotherapy. Afterwards he had 500 additional hours of physical therapy. Bruces life could have been saved by genetic engineering if researched more, but could have negative effects even worse than cancer if done incorrectly. Genetic engineering, if researched more, has the potential to be able to completely eliminate cancer. Genetic engineering does need to be researched more and researched very carefully. If genetic engineering is researched incorrectly and something or someone was genetically modified, possibilities of consequences could happen. Not only can Genetic engineering incorrectly lead to physical consequence, genetic engineering can also have moral consequences. Genetic engineering has the ability to also play the role of God. Genetic engineering can allow a person to create a human workshop, allowing them to build humans in however they want. Genetic engineering can be very confusing so some definitions needs to be explained. Genetic engineering and genetic cloning are often referred to as the same thing. Genetic engineering and genetic cloning are actually two different things. Genetic engineering refers to the technology used to alter and transport genomes and organisms, effectively shaping them to the desire or will of the geneticist. Genetic engineering can also be referred to as Genetic Modification or Genetic Manipulation (Genetics). Organisms that undergo or are created by the process of genetic engineering are referred to as Genetically Modified Organisms or GMOs for short. Genetic cloning produces genetically exact copies of organisms. Another definition needed to be described is aesthetics. Aesthetics is described as cosmetics or individual reasons personal own benefit that does not involve with any medical issues. Because genetic engineering is tied to many major areas in science, limitations are needed. Genetic engineering can also be used in domestic breeding, but I will only talk about molecular genetic engineering on DNA. This discussion will be talking about genetic engineering globally. Genetic engineering is an issue that happens outside America as well as inside. In fact, the first genetically engineered embryo was in china. To understand genetic engineering more, the history and background will need to be discussed.ÂÂ   Genetic engineering is trying to be used in medical uses as of right now. Genetic engineering is very similar to surgery in many ways. The original intention of surgery and genetic engineering is to heal people. The first surgeon dates back to around 800 BC, the surgeon was named Sushruta Samhita.ÂÂ   Francis Bacon foretold genetic engineering in 1627. The first genetically engineered organism was created by Herb Boyer and Stanley Cohen in 1972. According to an article in New Statesman by Caroline Daniel, the Human Genome Project is an international scientific collaboration, this project started in 1990. More than two billion pounds were funded by the European public to this project. The United States is the main country in favor of this research into genetic engineering. The human Genome Projects goal was to sequence every human gene before the year 2005. In late 1997, 50,000 genes had been mapped. As of 1998, around 250 gene therapy trials were being conducted around the world. Leroy Walters, the project director, said gene transfer might eventually cure genetic disorders. After ten years in the operation, there is only one successful gene transfer, as opposed to the 400 unsuccessful protocols conducted worldwide. The first genetic engineered human embryo happened in 2015. This embryo was not created to be given birth, just tested. There will be three points talked about in the following discussion. The first point is genetic engineering needing regulations in the moral aspect. The second point is genetic engineering needing regulations in the commercial aspect. The final point is genetic engineering needing regulations in the medical aspects. These three points will specify why there are regulations needed for genetic engineering. Widely known as a revolutionary scientific breakthrough, genetic engineering has been on a path toward changing the world since its introduction in 1973. However, as genetic engineering slowly enters the lives of humanity, the morals and ethics are entering public attention, and as a culture we are left to question whether the change brought on by such a discovery brings benefit and positive change, or damage and destruction to everyone. Genetic engineering is justified through applied bioethics and despite arguments against its societal implantation, should be utilized in efforts to develop into the 21st century to create a better society. There is the concern that mankind is playing God, that we as a species and as a society are exceeding our natural reach and thus operating outside of our traditional boundaries, where our cultural sense of ethics and morality may not even be right. In more research and studies, scientists will be able to design children however they want. Using genetic engineering will allow parents to choose what traits their child will have. For example, the color of the childs eyes, skin and hair will be decided. As well as, choosing the height of the baby and weight it will be able to be. Using genetic engineering to help the child live a healthy, disease free life is one thing, but as soon as that becomes blurred with the desires of the parents of trying to control every possible genetic outcome, that is when genetic engineering crosses the lines of genetic manipulation. The dictionary defines manipulation as, to control something by yourself. Parents would be manipulating their unborn child to be something that they do not even know if it wants to be. Genetically engineering children for personal gain of the parents is lazy parenting. There are plenty of other ways to improve a childs intelligence and athletic capabilities without interfering with genes. If genetic engineering doesnt start to raise enough ethical concerns for the greater population, there will be an uproar on discrimination. In the past whites and colored people werent allowed to be married, and in the future those who were genetically engineered will not be advised to marry those who were conceived without being altered. Society has a problem with the way they look, talk, and act now. Designing children isnt natural. Natural would be in the womb and not in a petri dish. Those who design children are just lazy. They are practically saying they have no time to put into their childs future so they will just pay for it. God created everyone in his own image in his way. Regulations are needed for this because allowing humans to change Gods creation on humans is immoral. Another way that genetic engineering can play the role of God is benefiting ones self. Researchers have found that genetic engineering could have the capability to make a humans life longer. Many people are even looking to use genetic engineering to make humans live forever. Due to sin in the world, humans are selfish and just want to make themselves as happy as possible, even if the action is immoral. Some humans love themselves so much that they want to clone themselves. Genetic cloning has been successfully tested and is in current research as of right now. Regulations on cloning humans are definitely needed because God has created each person in a unique way. The only benefit of having a clone is so that the person does not have to do work and so they can be lazy. The bible even talks about being lazy. Proverbs 13:4 says The soul of the sluggard craves and gets nothing, while the soul of the diligent is richly supplied. The only reason to create a clone of ones self is for selfish reasons. There are also ethical concerns in cloning. Many people would just have twins walking around and one would be real and one would not be a clone. This could cause an outrage in humanity. If a regulation is not set between using genetic engineering for treatment and using genetic engineering for enhancement, many parents could use it for eugenic purposes. This could cause ethical concerns but also social concerns as well. This would give the rich even more advantages than they already have to begin with and drive the social classes even farther apart. The use of genetic engineering may also lead towards genetic discrimination. As the world is already full of discrimination, genetic engineering would increase the numbers of discrimination against people. With genetic engineering, scientists would be able to change unborn children to make them acceptable to the human world. Every genetic engineered human would be fake, and not be of Gods creation but the creation of somebody else. The entire world would be composed of humans that would not be themselves, but rather other people they wish to become. People would wish they would have been genetically engineered because of advantages in genetic engineering. Some might say that genetically engineering humans for enhancements and cosmetics makes the person happy and we should not get rid of happiness. The purpose of our life is not to be happy, but to glorify God in whatever we do. Treatments in genetic engineering is different than aesthetics. God has given humans to have free will and choice but just because something is available for us to do, does not mean it is good. God already gave us our lives the way he made them. Exodus 4:11 says, The LORD said to him, Who gave human beings their mouths? Who makes them deaf or mute? Who gives them sight or makes them blind? Is it not I, the LORD? This does not mean that we should not heal the blind or the deaf, God created us in his own way specifically. God allowed humans to have medicine, but just because allows sickness in the world does not mean that we should not use medicine. Regulations are needed in genetic engineering in the moral aspect. References B. (n.d.). Bruces Story | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Retrieved from https://www.mskcc.org/experience/hear-from-patients/bruce Beatty, J. (2016, June 8). My Polio Story is an Inconvenient Truth to Those Who Refuse Vaccines | Shot of Prevention. Retrieved from https://shotofprevention.com/2016/06/08/my-polio-story-is-an-inconvenient-truth-to-those-who-refuse-vaccines/ Ifgene home page: Students Help Desk A History of Genetic Engineering. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.sciencegroup.org.uk/ifgene/history.htm Kamat, K. (n.d.). Genetic Engineering: Playing God? How Far is it Ethical? Retrieved from http://www.jivdaya.org/genetic_engineering.html Long, K. (n.d.). What is the Difference Between Cloning and Genetic Engineering? | Education Seattle PI. Retrieved from http://education.seattlepi.com/difference-between-cloning-genetic-engineering-4545.html Saraf, S. (n.d.). Internet Scientific Publications. Retrieved from http://ispub.com/IJPS/4/2/8232

Argumentative Essay of the Movie “The Reader”

Parra 1 Martin Parra Prof. Enrique Wong English 100 4 December 2012 Looks can be deceiving; do not fall into the trap â€Å"Ethical principles stand above the existence of the nation and that, by adhering to these principles an individual, belongs to the community of all those who share, who have shared, and who will share this belief† (Fromm 121). This thought was impossible to perceive in Germany during Hitler’s command and his cruel, racist, immoral Jewish holocaust. Ethics and moral never existed in that country by that time, thus Germans only lived under the â€Å"law†.One special case of this atrocity was the one of Hanna Schmitz, in the movie The Reader. Some people would say that Hanna Schmitz was a right person based on the fact that she helped Michael Berg during his youth and also the fact that she was a disciplined worker. However, she manipulated Michael Berg, killed around three hundred people in the concentration camp, and killed herself when she w as in jail. Despite Hanna helped Michael when he more needed at the time he was very sick, she manipulated and mistreated him in different ways.The first one and the most important was when Michael had to take a bath (The Reader, film). He wanted a private moment, but Hanna disrespected him (The Reader, film). She did not close the curtain and saw him naked. When Michael realized that, he was restrained. Looking at his eyes, Hanna seized the moment and got naked, too. Michael got shocked. After some looks, Michael was having his first sex experience (The Reader, film). He was just fifteen years old. Then, they began to repeat this situation almost every day. So, Michael Parra 2 started to prefer going Hanna’s instead going home, and she did not care about it.Neither cared about his name (she just called him â€Å"kid†) nor how was he with his disease (The Reader, film). She just wanted to have sex and pleasure, not love at all. After some time, Michael read a story to Hanna and she liked the way he did it. Hanna liked so much that she preferred hearing a story before having sex (The Reader, film). Again, Hanna is using Michael just to self-indulge. Another situation where she did not show respect for him was in the train. Both saw each other, but Hanna did not want to greet him and turned around (The Reader, film).Furthermore, she told Michael that she could not be upset with him because she did not care enough about him (The Reader, film). Unexpectedly, he asked Hanna if she loved him, the answer was a deep silence (The Reader, film). So, it is clear that Hanna Schmitz did not respect Michael Berg, just used and manipulated him for her own benefit. After a long time, Michael became a law student and saw Hanna again, but in a trial (The Reader, film). It resulted that Hanna drop her job at the train office and radically became a concentration camp guard (The Reader, film). Why did she take that decision?It can be possible that she was in a diffic ult situation in her life, but she could have easily chosen another type of job, not an atrocious one. Even though she knew her new job was killing people without a logic reason, she accepted before thinking twice. The worst thing she did was burning a church with three hundred people inside and locking all the doors (The Reader, film). Where are the ethics, moral and logic here?! She did not want to think in the most important values and rights, she just obeyed the law. Based on Donald B. Walker article: Law is the derivation of a society? interpretation of justice which is relative both to time and place. Furthermore, the creation of law is more frequently the Parra 3 result of the interpretation of justice by the powerful in the society which is then applied at the expense of the powerless. Obviously, in this case the Germans were the powerful and Jews, the powerless. Consequently, their law was an interpretation of what they think to be justice; but, that justice was based on ha te, racism and killing of some people, especially Jews. This absurd law was the only thing Hanna had in my mind when she was working as a concentration camp guard.She could save those people if she had thought in ethics and rights, but no. She did not open her mind, just obeyed the law. At the end of the trial Michael began to cry because the judge sentence Hanna penal servitude for life because she admitted that the letter about those killed people in the concentration camp was written by her (The Reader, film). It may have been worse; she could have been executed due to all the people she had killed. Years passed, Michael Berg became a judge, he had a daughter; but, he never stopped thinking about Hanna Schmitz.He could not forget her. So, one day he decided to write a letter to her (The Reader, film). When she received it and heard the name Michael Berg, she was surprised. After that, Michael sent her a story recorded in a cassette. Since then, plenty of cassettes arrived to Hann a’s jail (The Reader, film). Since then, she learned how to read and write. Now the big question, why did she tell the judge that she wrote that letter when she did not know how to write? It cannot be possible that Hanna lied in the most decisive moment of the trial, of her future.Finally, she killed herself after Michael wanted to help to her to get out of prison. These attitudes are considered part of the psychologically weakest people who refuse any kind of help from others who love and care them. Once again Hanna Schmitz hurt Michael and did not want his help, even worse, his love. Parra 4 In spite of Hanna Schmitz helped the young boy Michael Berg when he was sick and was an excellent worker, as a conclusion, it is clear that she was a manipulating and cruel person. She used the young boy Michael Berg to satisfy herself and killed a lot of people just because it was her job.She did not showed respect, human rights, and ethics in both cases. Actually, she can be considere d a selfish hypocrite prepotent person who just wanted her own benefit with no respect or care about the others around her. So, be careful; you do not want to be like Hanna Schmitz, right? Works Cited Fromm, Erich. Escape from freedom. New York: Farrar and Rinehart, 1941. Print. The reader. Dir. Stephen Daldry. Perf. Kate Winslet, Ralph Fiennes, and Bruno Ganz. Mirage, 2008. Film. Walker, Donal B. The Detah Penalthy: Legal Cruelty. USA Today, November 1983.